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Victim's Perspective
Introduction & Definitions2 Topics -
Victim/survivor story11 Topics
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Impact of crime I - Victims' needs and rights6 Topics
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Impact of crime II – victims' trauma4 Topics
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Impact of trauma on the victim - 23 Topics1 Quiz
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EmpathyIntroduction7 Topics
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The biology of empathy/social neuroscience3 Topics
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Empathy skills7 Topics1 Quiz
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Effective CommunicationIntoduction1 Topic
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Communication Models3 Topics
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The Importance of Noise2 Topics
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Non-verbal communication6 Topics
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Barriers to Effective Communication5 Topics
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What is Effective Communication?5 Topics
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Active Listening4 Topics
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Effective communication skills: Pay attention to nonverbal signals / Keep stress in check5 Topics
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Effective communication with traumatized victims3 Topics1 Quiz
Participants 1266
The Shannon-Weaver model was criticized because it assumed that communication always occurred linearly. Wilbur Schramm (1954) suggested a new model, which regards Communication as a process between an encoder and a decoder.
He saw communication as a reciprocal process, where the message is very important. This model put emphasis on how people interpret the message sent. Schramm argued that a person’s background, experience, and knowledge are factors that impact the interpretation of the message.
Schramm believed that the decoder must send feedback about the message to indicate that the message has been received. He argued that communication is incomplete unless there is feedback from the receiver. According to Schramm’s model, encoding and decoding are vital to effective communication.
